Directions (Q. 1-30): Answer the following questions by selecting the most appropriate option.
Q1. Kartika who does not talk much at home talks a lot in school. It shows that
(a) She does not like her home at all
(b) Her thoughts get acknowledged in the school
(c) The school provides opportunities for children to talk a lot
(d) Teachers demand that children should talk a lot in the school
Answer: (b)
Explanation: It shows that her thoughts get acknowledged more in school than at home. It happens when the parents do not take any interest in listening to their children’s opinions or suggestions.
Q2. The sounds th, ph, ch are
(a) Morphemes
(b) Graphemes
(c) Lexemes
(d) Phonemes
Answer: (d)
Explanation: A phoneme is a unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another in a particular language.
Q3. In the information processing model of thinking, the following steps take place:
(a) Response execution
(b) Response selection
(c) Pre-processing
(d) Categorisation
The correct sequence of these steps is
(a) 4, 3, 2, 1
(c) 2, 4, 3, 1
(b) 3, 4, 2, 1
(d) 3, 1, 4, 2
Answer: (a)
Explanation: According to the information processing model of thinking, the human mind takes information, performs operations on it, changes it into the form of content, stores it, retrieves it when needed, and generates a response to it.
Q4. Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences emphasizes
(a) General Intelligence
(b) Common abilities required in a school
(c) Unique abilities of each individual
(d) Conditioning skills in students
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Howard Gardner propounded the theory of multiple intelligences in 1983. In his theory, he expressed the view that every individual has unique abilities. He described eight types of intelligence, namely linguistic intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, bodily-kinaesthetic intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, and naturalist intelligence.
Q5. The most effective method to teach the concept of germination of seeds is to
(a) Make students plant seeds and observe the stages of germination
(b) Draw pictures on the blackboard and give a description
(c) Show pictures of seed growth
(d) Give detailed explanations
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Observational learning is a better way to teach the germination of seeds. It helps students create their knowledge and justification of the topic.
Q6. Which one of the following is a factor that affects learning positively?
(a) Fear of failure
(b) Competition with peers
(c) Meaningful association
(d) Pressure from parents
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Association is considered a correlation among feelings, behaviour, events, ideas, or an object within a conscious or unconscious stage. Usually, the association is developed by one’s personal experiences.
Q7. Giftedness from a teacher’s point of view is a combination of
(a) High Motivation – High Commitment – High Talent
(b) High Ability – High Talent – High Commitment
(c) High Talent – High Creativity – High Memory
(d) High Ability – High Creativity – High Commitment
Answer: (d)
Explanation: A gifted child is naturally enriched with a high level of mental ability as well as extraordinary ability in a specific sphere of activity or knowledge. The characteristics of gifted children are high IQ level, leadership capability, high achievement capability, art, fluency, originality, flexibility, etc.
Q8. Regarding learners’ individual differences, the teacher should
(a) Most of the time use algorithms
(b) Provide facts to students to memorize them
(c) Provide a variety of learning situations
(d) Solve the problems based on the deductive method
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Every teacher faces the challenge of identifying individual differences of students. To address the individual needs of students, the teacher should be aware of their potential, capabilities, interests, attitudes, and aptitudes to set up a learning environment for them.
Q9. The most important factor for improving the quality of education in India maybe
(a) Upgrading the professional capacity of teachers by training and supervising
(b) Focusing assessments exclusively on higher-order thinking skills
(c) Following a pan-India curriculum throughout the country
(d) Increasing the frequency of external examination to twice a year
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Upgrading the professional capacity of teachers by training and supervising will enhance the quality of education in India. A better-trained teacher will nurture the curiosity of the learner in a better way.
Q10. Teachers, to help learners construct knowledge, need to focus on
(a) scores/marks obtained by the learner
(b) Involving the learner for active participation
(c) Mastering learning of concepts by the learner
(d) Making sure the learner memorises everything
Answer: (b)
Explanation: B.F. Skinner emphasized the drill and practice method for learning because this method is based on the principle, of learning by Doing. This method emphasizes the practical or project work in which students are involved actively.
Q11. The term PSRN in development stands for
(a) Problem-solving, reasoning, and numeracy
(b) Problem identification, rational,e and numeracy
(c) Problem identification, reasoning, and numeracy
(d) Problem-solving, rational and numeracy
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Children develop their understanding of problem-solving, reasoning, and numeracy (PSRN) to discover, learn, perform, and talk about their understanding.
Q12. When a child “fails, it means
(a) The child has not memorized the answers properly
(b) The child should have taken private tuition
(c) The education system has failed
(d) The child is not fit for studies
Answer: (c)
Explanation: When a child fails, it doesn’t mean that he is the only one who is responsible for his failure. It may be a failure of the teacher’s teaching strategy, the evaluation system, the school management, peer relations and the family background.
Q13. Which of the following types of development is affected by climatic conditions and heredity?
(a) Physical
(c) Emotional
(b) Motor
(d) Cognitive
Answer: (a)
Explanation: A child’s physical development starts with the development of muscular control. Physical development is affected by climatic conditions and heredity.
For example, the height, skin colour, and features of a child depend largely on the physical characteristics of his parents.
Q14. The developmental task is a concept, first used by _______
(a) Herbart
(b) Bruner
(c) Havighurst
(d) Hurlock
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Robert Havighurst was a professor, physicist, and educator who said that learning is a basic and continual process that occurs throughout the lifespan of an individual. According to Havighurst, growth and development occur in six stages, namely developmental tasks of infancy and early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age, and later maturity.
Q15. As per the existing opinion of childhood,
(a) Children perform in the same manner as adults do
(b) Children can be treated as young adults
(c) Childhood is a waiting period
(d) Childhood is a period of rapid growth and transformation
Answer: (d)
Explanation: The period from 2 to 12 years is called the childhood period. This is the period wherein a child experiences rapid physical growth and development.
Q16. Which one of the following is not a part of Piaget’s concrete operational stage except
(a) Reversibility
(b) Inductive reasoning
(c) Spatial thinking
(d) Lack of conservation
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Children at the concrete operational stage (from 7 to 11 years) can think logically. However, they are unable to think abstractly. So, they are not able to think spatially.
Q17. According to the pre-conventional level of Kohlberg’s theory, to which of the following would an individual turn when making a moral decision?
(a) Individual values
(b) Family expectations
(c) Potential punishment involved
(d) Personal needs and desires
Answer: (c)
Explanation: According to Kohlberg’s moral development theory, there are six stages of moral development classified at three levels – pre-conventional morality, conventional morality, and post-conventional morality. According to Kohlberg, “Physical consequences of an action determine its goodness or badness regardless of the human meaning or value of these consequences. Avoidance of punishment and unquestioning deference to power are valued in their own right, not in terms of respect for an underlying moral order supported by punishment and authority.”
Q18. In which of the following stages do children become active members of their peer group?
(a) Early childhood
(b) Childhood
(c) Adolescence
(d) Adulthood
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Adolescence is the period when children wish to prove themselves and want to be known as individuals who are independent in their thoughts and actions. This spirit of children is led by peer pressure.
Q19. In the progressive implemented by CBSE, socialization of children is done in such a way to expect them to
(a) Give up time-consuming social habits and learn how to score good grades
(b) Be active participants in the group work and learn a model of education as social skills
(c) Prepare themselves to conform to the rules and regulations of society without questioning
(d) Accept what they are offered by the school irrespective of their social background
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The progressive model of education is a pedagogical program, which was introduced by CBSE in the late 19th century. This model emphasizes the learning-by-doing method, integrated curriculum, problem-solving or critical thinking ability, social responsibility, assessment process, etc.
Q20. A child cannot distinguish between ‘saw and ‘was, nuclear’ and ‘unclear’. He is suffering from
(a) Dysmorphia
(b) Word jumbling disorder
(c Dyslexia
(d) Dyslexia
Answer: (d)
Explanation: The child is suffering from dyslexia. A dyslexic student faces problems in reading similar-looking words or alphabets, for example in distinguishing from ‘d’.
Q21. Which term is often used interchangeably with the term “motivation “?
(a) Incentive
(b) Emotion
(c) Need
(d) Inspiration
Answer: (c)
Explanation: ‘Need’ is often used interchangeably with the term “motivation” because both are the same in function. Both need and motivation force an individual to achieve his goal. Many psychologists have propounded theories in the context of motivation and need. One such theory is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
Q22. According to the National Curriculum Framework (2005), errors are important because they
(a) Provide a way for teachers to scold children
(b) Provide an insight into the child’s thinking and help identify solutions
(c) Provide space for removing some children from the class
(d) are an important tool in classifying students of ‘passed’ and ‘failed’
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Children should be allowed to make mistakes, rectify them, and be made to understand correct answers through constructive feedback.
Q23. The emphasis from teaching to learning can be shifted by
(a) Adopting the child-centred pedagogy
(b) Encouraging rote learning
(c) Adopting frontal teaching
(d) Focusing on examination results
Answer: (a)
Explanation: The child-centered pedagogy emphasizes children’s learning rather than the teaching by teachers.
Q24. Motives deal with the need to reach satisfying feeling states and to obtain personal goals.
(a) Effective
(b) Affective
(c) Preservation-oriented
(d) Safety-oriented
Answer: (b)
Explanation: As per Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, effective motives deal with the need to reach satisfying feeling states and to obtain personal goals.
Q25. Which of the following is known as the static social structure?
(a) Education
(b) Environment
(c) Heredity
(d) Nurture
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Heredity is known as the static social structure as it does not change over generations and traits are transferred from one generation to the other.
Q26. Which one of the following is not a part of Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence?
(a) Analytical intelligence
(b) Practical intelligence
(c) Spatial intelligence
(d) Creative Intelligence
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Spatial intelligence is not a part of Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence. His triarchic theory includes three sub-theories: Analytical (componential), Creative (experiential), and Practical (contextual).
Q27. A teacher says to her class, “As individual assignments are designed to help individual students learn more effectively, all students should complete assignments prescribed without any assistance.” Which of the following stages of Kohlberg’s moral development does she refer to?
(d) Pre-conventional stage 2 (individualism and exchange)
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The teacher refers to post-conventional stage 5 (social contract). According to Kohlberg’s moral development theory, there are six stages of moral development. These stages are classified at three levels – pre-conventional morality, conventional morality, and post-conventional morality.
Q28. Learning disabilities are generally found
(a) in children whose paternal relatives have such problems
(b) in children with average to superior 1Q
(c) more often in boys as compared to girls
(d) more often in children belonging to rural areas than those in urban areas
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Learning disabilities may be caused by hereditary. So, it is common to find that children with learning disabilities have parents or other relatives with similar difficulties.
Q29. The following three aspects of intelligence are dealt with by Sternberg’s triarchic theory except
(a) Componential
(b) Social
(c) Experiential
(d) Contextual
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The triarchic theory of intelligence was propounded by Sternberg. There are three aspects of intelligence, analytical (componential), creative (experiential), and practical (contextual). The social aspect of learning and intelligence was explained by Bandura.
Q30. ‘Mnemonics‘ is related to___________.
(a) Memory
(b) Game
(c) School subject
(d) Physical activity
Answer: (a)
Explanation: ‘Mnemonic’ denotes a memory tool that helps in remembering information that is otherwise quite difficult to remember.
