World History MCQ Questions with Answer

Answer: (d)

Explanation: Toryism is a traditionalist and conservative political philosophy that grew out of the Cavalier faction in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. It is a prominent ideology in the politics of the United Kingdom, but also features in parts of The Commonwealth, particularly in Canada. The Tory political faction emerged within the Parliament of England to uphold the legitimist rights of James, Duke of York to succeed his brother Charles II to the throne.

Answer: (a)

Explanation: Thomas Hobbes was a champion of absolutism for the sovereign. According to Hobbes, society is a population beneath a sovereign authority, to whom all individuals in that society cede some rights for the sake of protection. Any abuses of power by this authority are to be accepted as the price of peace. He, however, also developed some of the fundamentals of European liberal thought.

Answer: (b)

Explanation: “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” is the French motto that came about around the time of the French revolution. Credit for the motto has traditionally been given to Antoine-François Momoro (1756–1794), a Parisian printer and Hebertist organizer.

Answer:  (b)

Explanation: Leviathan (1651) was the most celebrated work of Hobbes which was finished in 1651, after the execution of Charles I, and was printed in London. Hobbes presented Charles II, who was in exile in Paris, with a special bund copy. Rousseau’s political philosophy influenced the French Revolution as well as the overall development of modern political, sociological and educational thought. John Locke widely known as the Father of Classical Liberalism was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers. Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory. Locke wrote the Two Treatises of Government to defend the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Adolf Hitler was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and dictator of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. He was at the centre of the founding of Nazism, the start of World War II, and the Holocaust.

Answer: (c)

Explanation: Corsica is a French island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is located west of Italy, southeast of the French mainland, and north of the Italian island of Sardinia. The French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte was born in 1769 in the Corsican capital of Ajaccio. His ancestral home, Casa Bonaparte, is today used as a museum.

Answer: (a)

Explanation: Karl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His ideas played a significant role in the development of social science and the socialist movement. Revolutionary socialist governments espousing Marxist concepts took power in a variety of countries in the 20th century, leading to the formation of such socialist states like the Soviet Union in 1922 and the People’s Republic of China in 1949. Many labour unions and workers’ parties worldwide were also influenced by Marxist ideas, while various theoretical variants, such as Leninism, Stalinism, Trotskyism, and Maoism, were developed from them.

Answer: (b)

Explanation: Capitalism in Europe was preceded by feudalism. Karl Marx saw the Industrial Revolution as the climax of the shift from feudalism to capitalism. The shift took in form of the change in the mode of production and the alterations that it brought in class relations.

Answer: (b)

Explanation: The Shadow Cabinet is a senior group of opposition spokespeople in the Westminster system of government who together under the leadership of the Leader of the Opposition form an alternative cabinet to the government’s, whose members shadow or mark each individual member of the Cabinet. Members of a shadow cabinet are often but not always appointed to a Cabinet post if and when their party gets into government. In the United Kingdom and Canada, the major opposition party and specifically its shadow cabinet are called His or Her Majesty’s Loyal Opposition.

Answer: (b)

Explanation: Liberty, equality, fraternity (brotherhood)”, is the national motto of France, and is a typical example of a tripartite motto. Although it finds its origins in the French Revolution, it was then only one motto among others and was not institutionalized until the Third Republic at the end of the 19th century.

Answer: (b)

Explanation: The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. It began in Great Britain and then spread to Western Europe and the United States.

Answer: (c)

Explanation: Robert Walpole, 1st earl of Oxford, British statesman (in power 1721–42), generally regarded as the first British prime minister. Although the position of “Prime Minister” had no recognition in law or official use at the time, Walpole is nevertheless acknowledged as having held the office de facto because of his influence within the Cabinet.

Answer: (c)

Explanation: The famous slogan of the French Revolution was “liberty, equality, fraternity”. Many other nations have adopted the French slogan of “Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity” as an ideal. These words appear in the preamble to the Constitution of India, enforced in 1950.

Answer: (d)

Explanation: The Russian Revolution is the collective term for a series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the communist government. The Emperor was forced to abdicate and replaced by a provisional government during the first revolution of February 1917. In the second revolution, during October, the Provisional Government was replaced with a Bolshevik (Communist) government.

Answer: (a)

Explanation: Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876) was the founder and most prominent leader of Russian Anarchism. He is regarded as one of the fathers of modern terrorism. Anarchism was the first Russian intellectual movement to have a significant international impact.

Answer: (c)

Explanation: The Reformation was a series of events in 16thcentury England by which the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church. Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with his 1517 work The Ninety-Five Theses.

Answer: (c)

Explanation: An emblem is an official symbol or insignia or seal reserved for use by a nation-state as a symbol of that nation. A national emblem is an animal, tree, flower, or object which serves as a designated abstract representation of a nation. In this sense, White Lily is the national emblem of Italy.

Answer: (a)

Explanation: John Locke was one of the proponents of the Social Contract theory. According to it, the origin of the state is due to general agreement freely entered into by equal and independent individuals living in a state of nature to form themselves into a community and obey a government established by them. Hobbes, Rousseau, and Kant also contributed to the theory.

Answer: (c)

Explanation: The French Revolution was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon.

Answer: (c)

Explanation: Alaska is the largest state in the United States by area. Alaska was purchased from Russia on March 30, 1867, for $7.2 million. The land went through several administrative changes before becoming an organized (or incorporated) territory on May 11, 1912, and the 49th state of the U.S. on January 3, 1959. The name “Alaska” was already introduced in the Russian colonial period, when it was used only for the peninsula and is derived from the Aleut ‘alaxsxaq,’ meaning “the mainland” or, more literally, “the object towards which the action of the sea is directed”

Answer: (b)

Explanation: The U.S. president is indirectly elected by the people through the Electoral College to a four-year term, and is one of only two nationally elected federal officers, the other being the Vice President of the United States. A number of electors, collectively known as the Electoral College, officially select the president. On Election Day, voters in each of the states and the District of Columbia cast ballots for these electors. Each state is allocated a number of electors, equal to the size of its delegation in both Houses of Congress combined. Generally, the ticket that wins the most votes in a state wins all of that state’s electoral votes and thus has its slate of electors chosen to vote in the Electoral College. The election is held in accordance with the system of universal adult franchise.

Answer: (d)

Explanation: Milpa is a crop-growing system used throughout Mesoamerica (the region of central-southeastern Mexico and northern Central America where the most important pre-Hispanic civilizations flourished). Based on the ancient agricultural methods of Maya, Zapotec, and other Mesoamerican peoples, Milpa agriculture produces maize (corn), beans, and squash, along with other crops suitable to the local conditions.

Answer: (c)

Explanation: The policy of racial discrimination followed in South Africa was called Apartheid.

Answer: (c)

Explanation: Bartholomew Dias, a Portuguese voyager, discovered the Cape of Good Hope in Africa in December 1487. He had named the Cape “the Cape of Storms” (Cabo das Tormentas), but King John II of Portugal later renamed it Cabo de Boa Esperanca (Cape of Good Hope).

Answer: (b)

Explanation: Nelson Mandela, a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist, served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country’s first black chief executive, and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election.

Answer: (d)

Explanation: Axis Powers was the alignment of nations that fought in the Second World War against the Allied forces. The Axis grew out of the Anti-Comintern Pact, an anti-communist treaty signed by Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan in 1936. The Kingdom of Italy joined in 1937. The “Rome–Berlin Axis” became a military alliance in 1939 under the Pact of Steel, with the Tripartite Pact of 1940 leading to the integration of the military aims of Germany and its two treaty-bound allies. At their zenith during World War II, the Axis powers presided over empires that occupied large parts of Europe, Africa, East, and Southeast Asia and islands of the Pacific Ocean.