Directions (Q. 1-30): Answer the following questions by selecting the most appropriate option.
Q1. The stage at which a child begins to think logically about objects and events is known as
(a) Preoperational stage
(b) Concrete operational stage
(c) Sensorimotor stage
(d) Formal operational stage
Answer: (b)
Explanation: At the concrete operational stage, children can relate to concrete objects and situations. They can solve problems in a logical way, and their thought process becomes more rational and developed.
Q2. Which one of the following is an example of fine motor skills?
(a) Hopping
(b) Running
(c) Writing
(d) Climbing
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Fine motor skills involve the coordination of small muscle movements for performing a task. Usually, in these skills, eye-hand coordination can be seen. Writing is a fine motor skill.
Q3. A teacher is trying to counsel a child who is not performing well after an accident. Which one of the following is most appropriate about counselling in schools?
(a) It is about palliative measures for making people comfortable.
(b) It builds the self-confidence of people by letting them explore their own thoughts.
(c) It is about giving the best possible advice to students about their future career options.
(d) It can be done only by professional experts.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The student who is not performing well after an accident can be motivated by the teacher through private counselling with him or her. By providing both internal and external motives to the student and letting him/her explore his/her thoughts, the teacher can help in rebuilding the student’s self-confidence.
Q4. A PT teacher wants his students to improve fielding in the game of cricket. Which one of the following strategies will best help his students achieve that goal?
(a) Tell the students how important it is for them to learn in the field.
(b) Explain the logic behind good fielding and the rate of success.
(c) Demonstrate fielding while the students observe.
(d) Give the students a lot of practice in fielding.
Answer: (d)
Explanation: The teacher should ask the students to do a lot of fielding practice in order to become a perfect fielder. This concept is also based on a psychological theory, i.e. the trial and error theory of Thorndike. According to this theory, an individual reduces his/her errors through an unfailing practice.
Q5. Who developed the first intelligence test?
(a) David Wechsler
(b) Alfred Binet
(c) Charles Edward Spearman
(5) Robert Sternberg
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The first intelligence test was the Binet – Simon scale. Alfred Binet developed this intelligence test with help from Theodore Simon. The test is based on a scale that describes intelligence on a ‘normal distribution curve’. It is a psychometric technique to measure intelligence.
Q6. In Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory, which level signifies the absence of morality in the true sense?
(a) Level IV
(b) Level I
(c) Level II
(d) Level III
Answer: (b)
Explanation: At Level-I, i.e. the pre-conventional morality level, of Kohlberg’s moral development theory, a child is unable to adopt or interlink with society’s conventions in respect of what is right or wrong. He/she focuses largely on external consequences that certain actions may bring.
Q7. According to Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, the sensorimotor stage is associated with
(a) Imitation, memory and mental representation
(b) Ability to solve problems in logical function
(c) Ability to interpret and analyse options
(d) Concerns about social issues
Answer: (a)
Explanation: According to Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, the sensorimotor stage involves use of senses and motor activities. Reflective activities like sucking and grasping are done by children at this stage. Also at this stage, thought and memory starts to develop.
Q8. Which of the following is not a speech disorder?
(a) Lisping and slurring
(b) Talking at slow or fast speed
(c) Stammering and stuttering
(d) Sharp unclear speech
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Talking at a slow or fast speed is normal behaviour and not a speech disorder.
Q9. Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation is essential for
(a) Diluting the accountability of the Board of Education
(b) Correcting less-frequent errors more than more- frequent errors
(c) Understanding how learning can be observed, recorded and improved upon
(d) Fine-tuning of test with teaching
Answer: (c)
Explanation: CCE lays emphasis on the overall development of students by evaluating their every aspect. CCE encourages learning by using a variety of teaching techniques such as day-to-day observation by the teacher of the student’s progress, anecdotal records, etc.
Q10. Which one of the following is a form of Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence?
(a) Practical intelligence
(b) Experimental intelligence
(c) Resourceful intelligence
(d) Mathematical intelligence
Answer: (a)
Explanation: According to Sternberg intelligent behaviour involves adapting to your environment, changing your environment, or selecting a better environment. In his triarchic theory of intelligence, there are three aspects of intelligence, i.e. analytical (componential), creative (experiential) and practical (contextual). Practical Intelligence means applying acquired knowledge to real-life situations.
Q11. Which one of the following may cause a learning disability?
(a) Cultural variation
(b) Prenatal drug use
(c) Aptitude of the teacher
(d) Apathy shown by peers
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Learning disability is considered a disorder. It can seriously interfere with understanding concepts and higher-level skills such as coordination, attention, etc. It may also affect the development of an individual’s brain. In some cases, it is also found that a learning disability may occur before birth if the parents are drug-addicted.
Q12. Which is the place where the child’s cognitive development is defined in the best way?
(a) Auditorium
(b) Home
(c) Playground
(d) School and classroom environment
Answer: (d)
Explanation: The school and classroom environment has physical and psychological dimensions to define a child’s cognitive development in the best way. Every school should ensure that their classrooms are so arranged that every child has meaningful participation in classroom experiences.
Q13. India has a lot of linguistic diversity. In this context, what is the most appropriate statement about multilingual classrooms at the primary level, especially classes I and II?
(a) The teacher should respect all languages and encourage children to communicate in all of them.
(b) The teacher should ignore children who use their mother tongue in the class.
(c) Students should be penalised for using their mother tongue or local language.
(d) Schools should admit only those students whose mother tongue is the same as the language of instruction.
Answer: (a)
Explanation: In a multilingual classroom, a teacher should respect all languages. If students are unable to learn or acquire new things in a language, a teacher should explain the same thing in another way or manner because the primary objective of teaching is to fulfil students’ learning curiosity and needs.
Q14. What among these is a characteristic of human development?
(a) It is qualitative in nature.
(b) It is quantitative in nature.
(c) It is both quantitative and qualitative in nature.
(d) It is absolutely immeasurable.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Development is usually progressive and long-lasting in nature. It is used to denote both and quantitative qualitative modifications.
Q15. When a child with a disability first comes to school, the teacher should
(a) Refer the child to a special school according to the disability
(b) Seclude him/her from other students
(c) Discuss with the child’s parents to evolve collaborative plans
(d) Conduct an admission test
Answer: (c)
Explanation: When a child with a disability first comes to school, the teacher should neither seclude the child from other students nor refer him/her to a special school specific to the disability. Instead, the teacher should discuss with the child’s parents how collaborative plans can be evolved for further study of the child. The teacher should encourage the child by using proper teaching aids as per the existing capabilities of the child.
Q16. A teacher wishes to help her students appreciate multiple views of a situation. She provides them multiple opportunities to debate on this situation in different groups. According to Vygotsky’s perspective, her students will various views and develop multiple perspectives of the situation on their own.
(a) Internalise
(b) Construct
(c) Operationalize
(d) Rationalise
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Internalisation is a process of the unconscious mind where the characteristics, beliefs, feelings and attitudes of other people are assimilated into one’s own self.
Q17. Which one of the following is the most crucial factor for a differently-abled child?
(a) Controlling his/her behaviour
(b) Improving his/her grades
(c) Enhancing his/her skills
(d) Reducing his/her suffering
Answer: (c)
Explanation: It is important to provide sensory enrichment to differently-abled children including visual, verbal and tactile stimuli. Enhancing skills will lead to the realisation of self-sufficiency and positive self-concept among such children.
Q18. Suresh generally likes to study alone in a quiet room, whereas Madan likes to study in a group with his friends. This is because of differences in their
(a) Learning styles
(b) Levels of reflectivity
(c) Values
(d) Aptitudes
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Studying alone or within a group represent two different styles of learning. A learning style depends on an individual’s personal choice. This also contributes to individual differences.
Q19. What is the main objective of group activity in classroom teaching?
(a) To reduce the workload of the teacher
(b) To make most children participate in learning
(c) To clarify the concept effectively
(d) To provide freedom to students
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Group activities maximising the learning of students as they learn from each other and develop interpersonal skills.
Q20. Young learners should be encouraged to interact with peers in the classroom so that
(a) They can learn answers to questions from each other
(b) The syllabus can be covered quickly
(c) They can learn social skills in the course of study
(d) The teacher can control the classroom better
Answer: (c)
Explanation: After family, a school is the second most important place where the socialisation of a child takes place. If a teaching activity is based on group discussion or interaction among children, it will help learners build social skills in the course of study.
Q21. A teacher needs to ensure that all the learners in her class feel accepted and valued. To do this, the teacher should
(a) Find out students who speak ‘good’ English and are from ‘rich backgrounds, and present them as role models
(b) Try to know the social and cultural background of her students and encourage diverse opinions in the class
(c) Make strict rules and punish children who do not follow them
(d) Look down upon children from ‘disadvantaged backgrounds so that they feel to work harder
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The teacher can interact face-to-face with the parents of each and every student. This interaction will help the teacher know about the social and cultural background of her students, and she could be able to select teaching methods that suit every child’s learning styles and strengths.
Q22. What kind of errors is common between a learner who is learning his/her mother tongue and a learner who learns the same language as a second language?
(a) Overgeneralisation
(b) Simplification
(c) Developmental
(d) Hypercorrection
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Developmental errors occur between the developmental stages of the first language (mother tongue or L1) and second language (acquired language or L2). When a child is born, he/she learns his/her L1 subconsciously from his/her surroundings. So, the development of L1 takes place in a natural way. On the other hand, when a child learns L2, it is conscious learning and requires mental and practical efforts for successful language acquisition.
Q23. Which is an incorrect way to support language development?
(a) Letting the child talk uninterruptedly on a topic
(b) Disapproving the use of their own language
(c) Supporting initiation taken by children
(d) Providing opportunities for using language
Answer: (b)
Explanation: A teacher should never disapprove of the use of students’ own language because this might be the cause of their demotivation. Generally, the language used by a child is considered his/her mother tongue in which the child can express his/her views freely.
Q24. A teacher labels the head of a committee as “chairperson’ instead of ‘chairman’. It indicates that the teacher
(a) Has a good command of language
(b) is using a gender-free language
(c) has gender bias
(d) Follows a more acceptable term
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Such type of language use can be called a ‘gender-neutral language. The gender-neutral language focuses on removing the references of biological sex or gender for describing an individual. For example, nowadays, we use “a police officer in place of “policeman’.
Q25. A language consists of
(a) Imaginations
(b) Meaningful symbols
(c) Images
(d) Evaluations
Answer: (b)
Explanation: A language is a system of symbols, which are organised by a specific grammar for meaningful communication.
Q26. Stress affects performance in examinations. This fact reflects which of the following relationships?
(a) Cognition-Emotion
(b) Stress-Omission
(c) Performance-Anxiety
(d) Cognition-Competition
Answer: (a)
Explanation: The term ‘cognition is related to an individual’s conscious mind, which means ‘awareness towards the environment. On the other hand, emotions are related to an individual’s personal feelings, mood or sense of affection. Both the terms are closely correlated. When a student appears in an examination, he/she is consciously ready for the exam, but there is also a sort of fear inside him/her regarding the result of that exam. Stress-induced by this fear may affect the student’s performance in the exam. This fact reveals the relationship between cognition and emotion.
Q27. Which of the following is not related to the socio-psychological needs of a child?
(a) Regular elimination of waste products from the body
(b) Need for company
(c) Need for appreciation or social approval
(d) Need for emotional security
Answer: (a)
Explanation: According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the needs for the company, for appreciation or social approval and for emotional security come under the socio-psychological needs of a child, while regular elimination of waste products from the body is a physiological need of the child.
Q28. A child who performs well suddenly fails to do well in his studies. What should be the best course of action for the teachers?
(a) Wait till he performs better
(b) Find out the reason for his underachievement
(c) Give him grace marks in the examination
(d) Ask his parents to withdraw him from the school
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The teacher’s role should be to monitor and assess the student’s performance, monitoring acts as an indicator of what to re-teach or practise further.
Q29. Sita has learnt to eat rice and dal using her hand. When she is given dal and rice, she mixes a bit of both together on the plate, makes a little ball and then brings it up to her mouth. She has eating rice and dal into her schema for doing things.
(a) Accommodated
(b) Assimilated
(c) Appropriated
(d) Initiated
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Assimilation is a term referring to another part of the adaptation process, initially proposed by Jean Piaget. Sita has assimilated this practice. Through assimilation, an individual takes in new information or experiences and incorporates them into his/her existing ideas.
Q30. The concepts of pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional levels are described in which theory?
(a) Piaget’s theory of cognitive development
(b) Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
(c) Vygotsky’s theory of social-cultural development
(d) Weber’s theory of rationalisation
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Kohlberg focused his attention on investigating how children and adults govern their behaviour in ethical situations.
